Skin rash in children may be a manifestation of more than a hundred different diseases. You do not necessarily understand this set of states. However, some of them can be really dangerous for the child. Therefore, the appearance of rash any time should contact the pediatrician. Do not forget that describe the appearance of the skin on the phone is pointless, a doctor should see the changes for yourself.
Causes of Skin Rashes in Children
The causes of rashes in children can be divided into four main groups:
- infectious and parasitic diseases;
- allergies;
- disease of the blood and blood vessels;
- the lack of proper hygiene.
If the cause of the rash is an infection, you will notice at the child and her other symptoms, such as fever, chills, cough, runny nose, sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and others. In this case, the rash may be the first symptom of an ongoing infection and appear in 2-3 days.
Among infectious diseases rash usually accompanied by common childhood illnesses such as chickenpox, measles, rubella, and scarlet fever.
The most dangerous is a meningococcal infection. Meningococcus is a bacterium that often causes nasopharyngitis, easily treatable, but in some cases, it leads to meningitis (inflammation of the membranes of the brain) and blood infection (meningococcemia). The rash looks with meningococcemia and hemorrhage is accompanied by high fever. The disease is extremely dangerous - from the onset of the rash to death of a person can take less than a day. That's why at the slightest suspicion of meningococcal infection sick brought to the hospital and immediately begin treatment. With timely treatment the chances of a good outcome - 80-90%.
Allergic rash occurs after ingestion or contact with any allergen. Moreover, the allergen can be anything: chocolate, milk, nuts, a variety of drugs, the particles pet hair, washing powder or air conditioning for clothes, body lotion, tissue, from which produced underwear and other allergic reactions may occur even after a light. touching anything. A classic example of this type of rash is a result of burns or nettle jellyfish. Carefully evaluate the diet and your child's environment, you should be able to understand the reason of allergies. Do not forget that mosquito bites in children and cause local allergic reactions as a result of the multiple traces of mosquito bites can sometimes be mistaken for a rash.
The causes of a rash may also be skin parasites. Scabies, for example, is caused by mites, which does microscopic tunnels in the thin skin interdigital spaces, wrists, genitals and other body parts. In places the defeat there is a strong itching of the skin. Scabies is a highly contagious disease and requires treatment by a dermatologist.
Rash and in diseases of blood vessels is usually hemorrhagic nature, i.e. It is the result of bleeding into the skin. Depending on the disease, it can be as large bruises all colors of the rainbow, and punctuate rash covering the whole body surface.
Due to the characteristics of the skin of children and frequent infrequent diseases hygiene defects in infancy is prickly heat, diaper dermatitis, diaper rash. Should not be excessive to wrap up the child. Try not to leave your child in wet diapers or nappies. Often bathe and to wash the baby and give it to the skin to breathe, practice regular air baths.
Symptoms of Skin Rashes in Children
Measles:- In this viral infection rash often does not appear immediately, but after 2-4 days after the start of the temperature rise and appeared catarrhal phenomena (redness of the throat, runny nose, cough). The rash of measles spreads from the top down: first appears on the face and head, and then on the upper half of the torso and arms, then down below and on the legs, covering the 3 days the whole body. The spots are slightly raised above the skin surface, they are large and can fuse.
Varicella (chickenpox):- Eruptions varicella appear more often on the face, scalp, trunk. Their character is changed in the course of the disease: a slightly protruding above the skin red spots a few hours turn into bubbles with transparent. Size varicella bubbles no more than 4-5mm. In the future, they dry up, and in their place are formed the brownish crust. The rash of chickenpox is always accompanied by itching. A very important feature of this type of rash (the emergence of new elements), which is often accompanied by another temperature spike.
Rubella:- The rash appears at rubella together with signs of intoxication, fever, increased neck lymph nodes. Numerous small spots (no more than 3-5 mm in diameter) appear in a few hours, apply a top-down, but it is much faster than with measles rash comes a day up and down, holding a rash on average three days, then disappears without a trace. The characteristic localization is the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs, buttocks. It should be remembered that the viral infection is dangerous for pregnant women because of the adverse effects on the fetus. Therefore, if you suspect your child from rubella do not invite to visit pregnant.
Scarlet fever:- The disease begins with the classic symptoms of angina. The rash is connected to them, as a rule, on the second day. It represents elements covering the entire surface of the body. Especially a lot of them in the inguinal folds, elbow folds, armpits, abdomen. At the site of the most abundant rash skin is red, swollen, hot to the touch. After 2-3 days of illness symptoms, including rash, come to naught, which is accompanied by a strong peeling of the skin.
Allergic rash:- Almost always appears suddenly, often accompanied by profuse watery eyes and a runny nose, itchy much. Rash relief, well-marked. Receiving antiallergic drugs and eliminates itching and rash itself.
Scabies:- When scabies rash accompanied by painful itching and looks like dots are often arranged in pairs, 2-3 mm apart. Typical localization brush and interdigital spaces, abdominal surface.
Traces of bites:- Traces of mosquito bites and other insects is often mistaken for an infectious rash. In the bite formed red itchy bump (papule). The characteristic location, the season of the year, place of residence and the absence of additional symptoms will help you and your doctor to distinguish a rash of infectious diseases.
What you can do
If you find child's skin rash, try to follow the following rules:
- Neobhodimovsegda calls a doctor in the house, in the case of the presence of infectious diseases do not infect others in the clinic and in transport. In addition, any patient with a rash should be isolated from pregnant women, as long as the doctor says that it is not measles.
- If you suspect your child from meningococcal infection, immediately call "ambulance."
- Prior to the arrival of the doctor is not necessary to lubricate the elements of the rash, especially with solutions of dyes (for example, " green paint "). As you know, the main causes of internal scars. Therefore, expressed a positive effect on the lubrication of the elements you will not get a rash. However, the doctor will be much more difficult to diagnose.
If you suspect that the rash is caused by contact with clothing. Remember that in addition to unsuitable material, allergies may cause residues of detergent or fabric softener. Try to change the company's products or use hypoallergenic hygiene.
What can a doctor
Only after questioning and a thorough examination of the child's doctor can make the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment. Viral infections, as a rule, do not require specific treatment of bacterial diseases need antibiotics. In the treatment of allergic conditions is the basis for the cessation of allergen exposure and the suppression of excessive immune response antihistamines, corticosteroids, and other drugs. Depending on the severity of these drugs can be used in the form of ointments, pills, injections, etc. If the rash caused by disease or blood vessels, pediatrician direct advice to the child on the hematologist. scabies treatment is carried out by a dermatologist, and includes, among other things, a number of control measures.
Prevention of Skin Rashes in Children
Prevention of childhood diseases primarily includes compliance with immunization schedule. You should know that also developed against meningococcal disease vaccine. Talk to your pediatrician and ask when your child should be vaccinated against this dangerous infection.
Vaccination is the greatest invention of people that made it possible to prevent a plurality of severe infection. On the other hand, each vaccine is a whole challenge for the little gentle child's body. In some cases, children suffer vaccination is not very easy - there may be an allergic reaction or fever. This does not mean that further vaccinations should be abolished. Do not forget to remind the doctor of previous reactions, and he will advise your child to a day or two before the scheduled vaccinations take antihistamines.
Allergic disease is very frequent in childhood. This is due to the immaturity of the immune system in children. To any new stimulus, so the immune system reacts hyperallergic (superstrong). Try to introduce new foods slowly, one at a time. Then you will know for certain that was the cause of food allergies. A child with a tendency to allergic reactions must be under the supervision of an allergist. With proper treatment, most children with age "outgrow their allergy," That is the allergen that previously did not give to live in peace, in a few years completely ceases to disturb the person.
Tags: heat rash toddler, viral rash in children,toddler hives, fifth disease rash, teething rash, meningitis rash, viral rash pictures, roseola rash
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